# 装饰器模式

装饰器模式（Decorator Pattern）允许向一个现有的对象添加新的功能，同时又不改变其结构。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式，它是作为现有的类的一个包装。

## 介绍

**意图：**动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。就增加功能来说，装饰器模式相比生成子类更为灵活。

**主要解决：**一般的，我们为了扩展一个类经常使用继承方式实现，由于继承为类引入静态特征，并且随着扩展功能的增多，子类会很膨胀。

**何时使用：**在不想增加很多子类的情况下扩展类。

**如何解决：**将具体功能职责划分，同时继承装饰者模式。

**优点：**装饰类和被装饰类可以独立发展，不会相互耦合，装饰模式是继承的一个替代模式，装饰模式可以动态扩展一个实现类的功能。

**缺点：**多层装饰比较复杂。

**使用场景：** 1、扩展一个类的功能。 2、动态增加功能，动态撤销。

**注意事项：**可代替继承。

## 实例

![装饰器模式demo](/files/-M1Ed8LCoFu8vzscvsz3)

```
public interface Shape {
   void draw();
}
```

```
public class Rectangle implements Shape {
 
   @Override
   public void draw() {
      System.out.println("Shape: Rectangle");
   }
}
```

```
public class Circle implements Shape {
 
   @Override
   public void draw() {
      System.out.println("Shape: Circle");
   }
}
```

```
public abstract class ShapeDecorator implements Shape {
   protected Shape decoratedShape;
 
   public ShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape){
      this.decoratedShape = decoratedShape;
   }
 
   public void draw(){
      decoratedShape.draw();
   }  
}
```

```
public class RedShapeDecorator extends ShapeDecorator {
 
   public RedShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape) {
      super(decoratedShape);     
   }
 
   @Override
   public void draw() {
      decoratedShape.draw();         
      setRedBorder(decoratedShape);
   }
 
   private void setRedBorder(Shape decoratedShape){
      System.out.println("Border Color: Red");
   }
}
```

```
public class DecoratorPatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
 
      Shape circle = new Circle();
      ShapeDecorator redCircle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Circle());
      ShapeDecorator redRectangle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Rectangle());
      //Shape redCircle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Circle());
      //Shape redRectangle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Rectangle());
      System.out.println("Circle with normal border");
      circle.draw();
 
      System.out.println("\nCircle of red border");
      redCircle.draw();
 
      System.out.println("\nRectangle of red border");
      redRectangle.draw();
   }
}
```

## 相关链接

[装饰器模式-菜鸟教程](https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/decorator-pattern.htmlhttps://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/decorator-pattern.html)


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